NavGanitMateby NavGreen Compute, AustraliaBased on Australian Curriculum: Mathematics v9.0

Probability experiments and simulations

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In a sports equipment allocation simulation conducted in Sydney, a coach is distributing 69 basketballs and 57 footballs to two teams using a chance experiment. The coach conducts a two-step experiment: first, a ball is randomly selected from the combined pool of 126 balls (69 basketballs and 57 footballs) and removed without replacement; second, another ball is selected from the remaining 125.

What is the exact probability that both selected balls are basketballs? Express your answer as a simplified fraction.

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A fair-coin simulation model. Choose 0 or 1 with equal probability: 0 means tails and 1 means heads. Repeat independent trials and count outcomes. No experiment results are asserted here.Choose 0 or 1Equal chance→0=T 1=HMap outcome→RepeatCount heads
Choose 0 or 1 with equal probability: 0 means tails and 1 means heads. Repeat independent trials and count outcomes. No experiment results are asserted here.

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Worked solution

  1. The total number of balls is 69 basketballs + 57 footballs = 126 balls.
  2. The first ball is selected at random from 126 balls. The probability it is a basketball is 69/126.
  3. After removing one basketball, 68 basketballs and 57 footballs remain, for a total of 125 balls.
  4. The probability the second ball is a basketball, given the first was a basketball, is 68/125.
  5. The probability of both events occurring (both basketballs) is the product of the two probabilities: (69/126) × (68/125).
  6. Multiply numerators: 69 × 68 = 4692.
  7. Multiply denominators: 126 × 125 = 15750.
  8. The combined fraction is 4692 / 15750.
  9. Simplify the fraction by finding the greatest common divisor (GCD) of 4692 and 15750. First, factor both numbers.
  10. GCD(4692, 15750) = 6. Divide numerator and denominator by 6: 4692 ÷ 6 = 782, 15750 ÷ 6 = 2625.
  11. The simplified fraction is 782 / 2625. Check that 782 and 2625 have no common factors (782 = 2×17×23, 2625 = 3×5^3×7).
  12. Therefore, the exact probability that both selected balls are basketballs is 782/2625.

Reference answer: 782/2625

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