NavGanitMateby NavGreen Compute, AustraliaBased on Australian Curriculum: Mathematics v9.0

Data displays and distributions

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Required skills (click to reveal)

A class of 24 students recorded their heights in centimetres. The data collected were: 152, 155, 156, 158, 158, 159, 160, 160, 161, 162, 162, 163, 164, 165, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 175, 180.

Construct a stem-and-leaf plot and determine the exact value of the median height.

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Formula

Explanation

Worked solution and answer (click to reveal)

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Worked solution

  1. The data set contains 24 heights in centimetres, listed in ascending order. The task is to construct a stem-and-leaf plot and find the exact median height.
  2. Group the data by tens digit (stem) and units digit (leaf). The stems range from 15 to 18, as the smallest height is 152 cm and the largest is 180 cm.
  3. Construct the stem-and-leaf plot: for stem 15, leaves are 2, 5, 6, 8, 8, 9; for 16: 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9; for 17: 0, 1, 2, 5; for 18: 0.
  4. The median is the average of the 12th and 13th values in an ordered list of 24 values.
  5. List the data in order: 152, 155, 156, 158, 158, 159, 160, 160, 161, 162, 162, 163, 164, 165, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 175, 180.
  6. The 12th value is 163 cm (count from the start: 1st=152, 2nd=155, ..., 12th=163).
  7. The 13th value is 164 cm.
  8. Calculate the median: (163 + 164) / 2 = 327 / 2 = 163.5 cm.
  9. The median height is 163.5 cm. This value lies between the 12th and 13th data points, confirming the correct method for even-sized data sets.
  10. The distribution is slightly skewed right due to the outlier at 180 cm, which pulls the mean higher than the median.
  11. The mode is 158 cm and 162 cm (both appear twice), so the distribution is bi-modal.
  12. The range is 180 - 152 = 28 cm. The median is 163.5 cm, which is consistent with the data and correct for an even-numbered list.

Reference answer: 163.5 cm

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