NavGanitMateby NavGreen Compute, AustraliaBased on Victorian Curriculum Mathematics v2.0

Shape algorithms

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In a community garden in Melbourne, a triangular flower bed is designed using three wooden frames. The frames have lengths of 68 cm, 59 cm, and 75 cm.

A student is creating an algorithm to determine if this triangle is similar to another triangle with side lengths 136 cm, 118 cm, and 150 cm. The algorithm checks for similarity using the SSS (side-side-side) similarity criterion, which requires that the ratios of corresponding sides are equal.

What is the exact ratio of the corresponding sides of the two triangles, expressed as a simplified fraction?

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Classifying from known properties. For a quadrilateral already known to have four right angles, check whether all four sides are equal. Yes gives a square; no gives a rectangle that is not a square. A square remains a rectangle too.4 right anglesRectangle→4 equal sides?Check lengths→Yes: squareNo: non-square
For a quadrilateral already known to have four right angles, check whether all four sides are equal. Yes gives a square; no gives a rectangle that is not a square. A square remains a rectangle too.

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Worked solution

  1. The first triangle has side lengths 68 cm, 59 cm, and 75 cm. The second triangle has side lengths 136 cm, 118 cm, and 150 cm. We are to determine if they are similar using the SSS similarity criterion, which requires that the ratios of corresponding sides are equal.
  2. To apply SSS similarity, we must pair corresponding sides. We assume the sides are ordered in increasing length for comparison: 59 cm, 68 cm, 75 cm for the first triangle; 118 cm, 136 cm, 150 cm for the second.
  3. Calculate the ratio of the smallest sides: 118 / 59 = 2.0. This suggests a possible scale factor of 2.
  4. Check the ratio of the middle sides: 136 / 68 = 2.0. This matches the previous ratio.
  5. Check the ratio of the largest sides: 150 / 75 = 2.0. This also matches.
  6. Since all three ratios are exactly 2.0, the triangles are similar by the SSS similarity criterion.
  7. The ratio of corresponding sides is 2.0, which as a fraction is 2/1.
  8. Simplify 2/1: it is already in simplest form.
  9. Verify by cross-multiplication: 118 / 59 = 2, 136 / 68 = 2, 150 / 75 = 2. All confirm the same ratio.
  10. The ratio of corresponding sides is exactly 2:1, or 2/1.
  11. The algorithm correctly identifies similarity because all three side ratios are equal. The exact ratio is 2/1.
  12. The final answer is 2/1, as the simplified fraction of the side ratios.

Reference answer: 2/1

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